Homunculi & Clones

Homunculi are artificial lifeforms created via alchemy.
There are also descriptions of what appears to be cloning in actual documents related to alchemy, and it seems as though alchemists also investigated what is now known as biology.

Aureolus Belli was able to realise his goal of immortality by transferring Azoth, the essence of life, to a Homunculus that duplicated his physical qualities, creating a "complete clone" of himself, and passing his knowledge and mission to it.

Ugo was a clone himself, but met Ayla and decided to live as a simple human, eloping with her and renouncing the inheritance of his Azoth. Avoiding the pursuing alchemist, he lived for the next twenty years in peace...